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Windows 7 Features, Benefits and Testing

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On Thursday, October 22, Windows 7 was released to consumers. Windows 7 was designed from inception to be an upgrade to the Windows line of operating systems while at the same time remaining compatible with the hardware and applications Windows Vista was compatible with.

The new Windows 7 interface is more intuitive and user friendly than its predecessors. The design of Windows 7 is clean and sleek, and its taskbars and windows look somewhat similar to those of a Mac. One key feature of Windows 7 is the built-in multi-touch mapping application, which allows users to interact with graphical applications with a touch of a finger. A primary benefit of the Windows 7 operating system is performance improvement over its predecessor Windows Vista. Microsoft has even created a "Starter" version of Windows 7 that is compatible with netbooks - mobile computers with limited hardware performance and capabilities.

Technologies Benefiting from Windows 7
Graphics chips, such as those from ATI and NVIDIA, benefit greatly from Windows 7. DirectX 11, a software technology that provides the APIs necessary for detailed graphics and audio, will enable the next generation of graphics technology. It is the perfect technology for the detail-oriented PC gamer or game developer interested in fluid game play and more realistic worlds and characters.

The new Intel Core i7 processor can also take advantage of the Windows 7 operating system to provide unmatched speed and optimized performance to PCs. With Intel Core i7, running multiple applications and creating digital media without sacrificing computer performance are possible. Windows 7 developers focused heavily on ensuring the operating system was fully compatible with and could take advantage of the multiple cores offered on modern processors such as the Intel i7 chip.

32 bit vs. 64 bit Architecture
Windows 7 is available in both 32 bit and 64 bit versions. The 32 or 64 bit architecture refers to the memory address length that the processor can reference and impacts the amount of memory that can be used. Most likely, a PC that is more than a couple years old will only be capable of running the 32 bit version. A PC with a modern processor has the ability to run the 64 bit version.

The amount of memory that can be used for a 32 bit CPU is 4 GB. To experience the speed improvements of a 64 bit operating system, software optimized for 64 bit processing is required.

Windows 7 Versions
Consumers, IT managers and other IT decision makers will need to evaluate Windows 7 to determine which version of the software is right for them. Microsoft offers Windows 7 in a variety of packages. Each package contains features and benefits targeted at a specific group of users. This evaluation should be made carefully as the versions range in price, and not all features will be applicable to all users. The six versions of Windows 7 are outlined below.

Windows 7 Editions

Windows 7 Starter: Windows 7 Starter is the most basic edition. It does not include the Windows Aero theme, and is offered in 32-bit only.

Windows 7 Home Basic: The Home Basic edition is available in emerging markets, such as Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Pakistan and Thailand. Aero options and some other new features are not included in this edition.

Windows 7 Home Premium: Home Premium is designed for personal users and includes features such as the Windows Media Center, Windows Aero and Multi-touch. Microsoft touts the entertainment experience of using Home Premium and emphasizes the simplicity of creating a home network with Home Premium to share photos, videos and music.

Windows 7 Professional: Windows 7 Professional is designed for power users and small business users. It includes all of the Windows 7 Home Premium features and also includes the ability to participate in a Windows Server domain and operate as a remote desktop server. Additional features include location aware printing, encrypting file system, presentation mode and the ability to run many Windows XP productivity programs in Windows XP Mode.

Windows 7 Enterprise: Enterprise is designed for business PCs and includes a feature called BitLocker Drive Encryption, designed to help protect data against loss or theft and allows users to work in the language of their choice and switch between 35 languages.

Windows 7 Ultimate: Ultimate includes all the features that Enterprise offers, but is designed for individual use. Windows 7 Professional users have the option to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate for a fee using Windows Anytime Upgrade.

Windows 7 Testing
When creating Windows 7, Microsoft focused efforts on creating the highest performing, feature rich and bug free PC operating system to date. Accomplishing this goal in the modern PC market means that the operating system and software on the operating system, such as music, movie or photo programs, must interoperate and work with millions of devices in the consumer electronics ecosystem. To achieve this goal, Microsoft relies on testing, certification and stringent logo guidelines, all aimed to achieve the best possible experience for users of Windows 7.

For many devices, using a Windows Logo requires more than just a Windows certification. To receive a Windows logo for a Bluetooth device, the device must first achieve Bluetooth certification, and to use a Windows logo for an IEEE 1394 (FireWire) device, the product must first be certified with the 1394 Trade Association.

A new requirement asserts that manufacturers seeking Windows 7 certification for their products must first achieve USB certification from the USB Implementers Forum. USB certification helps ensure that a device will function properly with the Windows OS. This certification ensures compliance to the USB standard and interoperability between the USB host and device.

There are many tests required at various levels of the software and hardware ecosystem to provide a coherent and smooth computing experience. Consumers benefit from these requirements as they reassure that devices bearing the Windows and Bluetooth, FireWire and certified USB logos will work with PCs also bearing the respective logos.

Types of Windows

Windows are to a room as a pearl necklace is to the throat of a woman. They both set off the other. Windows come in many sizes, shapes and kinds. They also provide four vital functions: let in light and air (ventilation), provide protection and visual beauty. What kind is provided in a room depends on many factors. Some of the most common types are described below.

Bay Windows: A kind of architectural enhancements to a room - these windows project out beyond the exterior wall to create an illusion of a larger interior. The conventional ones are three sided with the two side windows returning to the wall at an angle. They let in a lot of natural light and sometimes allow a fantastic view of the outside.

Because of the nature of a bay window, window treatments require special care. If they look out into a secluded area(they usually do not), then the nature of treatment required is fairly simple and has only to complement the style and décor of the interior of the room. But if it looks out into the public, then the treatment has to be more thoughtful. Some ideas for the treatment of bay windows include bay window curtains, valances, window shades and window blinds. The treatment has to be both functional and aesthetic as it is open to public view.

The use of the space created by the bay window also requires some imagination. Since there is ample light, one idea would be to keep some indoor plant for effect. Some seating arrangement, the seats in conformity to the style of the other furniture in the room is another option. So is the addition of accessories like a large vase on one side of the window or two smaller ones on both side of the window will enhance the beauty of the room and the window.

There are two variations of the conventional bay window, the "box" and the "circle" bay windows. As the names imply, the box bay window is shaped like a box, the side windows being perpendicular to the exterior walls and the circle bay is semi-circular in shape. The box bay creates more space than the other two.

Oriel Windows: These are similar to bay windows in that they project from the walls but are polygonal in shape and do not extend to the ground and are therefore found in the upper stories of a building. They originated as a variation of a porch and are commonly found in buildings built in the Gothic Revival style or the Queen Anne style of architecture. They are now becoming common in modern design. Compared to the more common bay windows of the conventional, the box and the circular type they allow more light and more significantly better ventilation due to the larger surface exposed to the exterior.

Usually supported by "corbels", a weight bearing stone piece that is ornamentally carved in stone houses, they can also be supported by metal or wooden brackets. Considering that oriels appear in homes with an elaborate style, these supporting brackets can also be quite ornamental. This type of window is also popular in the Middle East where they are known as "mashrabiyas" and are usually for the convenience of women folk who can look out from these windows without being seen and gives them a sense of freedom. They can also be seen in India.

Casement Windows: These were the most common type of windows that were in use before the introduction of the sash windows. Casement windows open like doors, swinging either in or out like a door. Unlike a door, the casement window is opened by the use of a crank (or some variation) and not by a knob or a handle. The casement window either pivots to the right or to the left. One of the disadvantages of a casement window is that there is the possibility of children falling out while looking out. Another disadvantage is that they are more exposed to the elements - rain, sunshine, snow, sleet and more depending on the place where you live and are likely to get weathered faster.

A variation of the casement window that either pivots(swings) to the left or to the right is the one that swings upwards, i.e., top-hung. They are called "awning windows" and are usually rectangular, wider than longer.

Paired Windows: These are two windows placed next to each other with a support between them called a "mullion" which is nothing but a vertical frame that provides a separation between the two glass panes. Usually paired windows come under an arch or will have arched tops. They look better in large rooms since they themselves are relatively larger.

Palladian Windows: Named after the Italian Architect Andrea Palladio, a palladian window is made up of three windows with an arch over the center window which is also usually larger than the other two. It is also known as the Serlian or the Venetian Window.

Ribbon Windows: These are nothing but a row of windows separated by vertical posts called "mullions". They are an extension of the paired widow and are used usually in places where added lighting and ventilation is required and are usually found up high on a wall. Such windows, if installed very near the ceiling are called "clerestory" windows. They bring day light deep into the interior of the house and add to the feeling of roominess. They also are a source of solar heating and keep the room warm even in the long winter days.

These are some of the more common types of windows. Other types include the jalousie(louvered), the hopper (opposite to the awning), the cathedral, the French etc. What kind of window you use depends on your individual taste.

Wood Sliding Sash Windows - Environmental Concerns and Advice For Buyers

For UK homeowners who want an authentic look in their older or period homes, wood sliding sash windows are a popular choice. While wood sash windows are both affordable and attractive, many Britons have concerns about the environmental implications of using so much wood. Many wonder if PVC sash windows aren't a more earth-friendly choice. PVC sash window, however, have their own set of problems, not the least of which is that they are not biodegradable. Here's some information about wooden sash windows that might help consumers make an informed choice.
If you're a consumer who is conscious that the choices we make in the present may have far-reaching effects on future generations. While many people are concerned about the high levels at which wood is consumed for building products like wood sash window, we need to remember that wood is a renewable resource that can be farmed like vegetables and fruit. Although the time to maturity is longer, "tree farms" are common in many countries worldwide.
Timber sash window utilize both soft- and hardwoods in their construction. So, when shopping for replacement windows, try to determine the source of the wood from which they are constructed. Such sources should be only managed forests where sustainability and renewability are paramount concerns.
Why Not to Buy PVC or Aluminum Window
Although the argument for buying PVC or aluminum window might seem valid on the surface, in truth it's defective. For example, did you know that over 33% of the chemicals listed as hazardous by EU governments are used in the manufacture of PVC? The energy cost of converting these dangerous substances to PVC and then to sash windows is much higher than the energy cost of converting trees to wooden sliding sash windows. In addition, wood is biodegradable and recyclable where PVC is not. Both the World Wildlife Fund and Greenpeace have endorsed the use of wood window because they do not compromise or threaten the environment.
More Reasons to Buy Wood Window
Consumers must remember that using timber from managed forests is environmentally sound not only because wood is biodegradable and recyclable but also because wood, if properly used, treated and maintained can last indefinitely. In fact, a wooden statue that dates back to 2300 BC was recently found in a tomb in Sakkara, a burial site associated with the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis. Wooden sliding sash windows also have insulating properties superior to those made from PVC. This means homes with wooden windows are highly likely to have lower heating and cooling costs. To be truly earth-friendly, timber sliding sash window should be finished with water-based stains and sealers rather than with solvent-based products that can harm the environment and pollute ground water.
Sliding sash windows are an important architectural detail in many UK homes. Considering environmental factors when choosing replacements is an important aspect of any purchasing decision.

Morris Streak has been installing timber and sash windows for the last 20 years. He is focused exclusively on the sash windows and timber window market. Since that time, he has shown hundreds of homeowners how to properly install sash and timber windows in their homes. By eliminating salesmen and installers, the owner of a typical 3 bedroom, 2 bath home can save thousands of dollars in costs, while at the same time ensuring that each window is done correctly.
Morris is also a dedicated member of Premier Windows Ltd - The goal is to provide the highest quality windows and workmanship in order to truly enhance the aesthetic of your home. To achieve this, we install only the best, most secure and energy efficient windows and doors. Premier Windows Ltd. specialises in sash and timber windows and to be more specific, Premier deals best in double glazed sash windows, sash window repair, sliding sash windows, timber sash windows, wood sash windows, timber frame windows, timber replacement windows,timber windows and doors, timber windows UK.

Glass Block Windows - 5 Steps For Installation Success

Like many product categories the installation options for glass block windows have grown proportionately to the expanding design options. Years ago, blocks were made in a 8" x 8" x 4" size in a few patterns and put together inside a masonry window opening (usually by a skilled mason) block by block with a gray mortar and masons sand - not real sexy, but it worked. In today's world people want to use blocks more creatively in different types of openings (could be masonry, framed, steel openings etc.) for a wide variety of uses, and not have to rely strictly on a mason to get the job done. The following 5 installation steps can help you think through what's needed to have your block window installation project go smoothly.
o Step 1 - Ask, "What size is my window opening?"- The size of the opening is a large factor in the window installation approach. There are two basic ways to install a glass block window:
* (Option 1) As a window panel alone, or as a panel built into a vinyl or metal framed window system.
* (Option 2) installing the glass blocks one by one inside of the opening.
A benefit of glass block is it's a heavy material, the challenge is it's a heavy material when you're installing it! For most openings less than 25 square feet consider option 1, the block window built as panel (or section) vs. option 2. Option 2 is usually more difficult, costly, and requires a higher skill level. For the first option you can get a block window panel built by a glass block window manufacturer, often saving time and money.
o Step 2 - Ask, "Where is this block window going?" A key factor in the block window installation is if the glass window is going in new construction or a remodeling project, and whether the surrounding construction is masonry (poured concrete or concrete blocks) or frame (surrounded by wood). Here are some recommendations for each job condition:
* New construction projects in framed openings - For new construction framed openings use a vinyl framed nail in glass block window. Consult your glass window manufacturer for the size to create your rough framed opening. These windows (which are usually siliconed together for an all glass look) can be purchased with nailing fins to simply nail in from the outside just like a traditional vinyl window in new construction. Since they can be manufactured with the 2" thick series of blocks (in either a high privacy "Ice" pattern or "Wave" pattern from Mulia Inc.) they are lighter than traditional block windows. These windows can also be purchased for the 3" and 4" thick series of blocks as well if you'd like to try one of the upscale designed Beveled or Spyra series of blocks from Pittsburgh Corning.
* New construction projects in masonry openings - For most masonry openings under 25 square feet it is best to purchase mortared or siliconed block panels that can be set into the opening and mortared in at the top (also called the head), sides (also called the jambs), and bottom (also called the sill).
* Remodeling projects in framed openings -
- (Option A) If you can adjust your openings to fit one of the vinyl framed glass block windows you can install your project like a standard vinyl replacement window (make sure the window manufacturer takes the window nailing fins off for this type of installation) by placing the vinyl window in the opening, insulating around the window, and installing aluminum coil stock capping to meet the glass block window.
- (Option B) If you can't adjust your existing wood opening then remove the existing window sashes and mortar the glass block into the wood opening and install aluminum coil stock to the block and caulk where the coil stock meets the glass masonry units.
* Remodeling projects in masonry openings (concrete blocks or poured walls) - In remodeling projects measure the entire size of the masonry openings with the existing frame being removed (the only time you don't remove the metal or wood frames is when the frame is either seated over the concrete blocks or poured walls and removing them might cause damage to the surrounding interior or exterior walls). Then size your block window panels to be smaller than the masonry openings (these block windows can be sized basically in any 2" size increment). The window panels can then be mortared into the openings.
o Step 3 - Ask, "What should I use to put the glass block together into a window panel assembly?" - You might have heard varied opinions about how the block panel should be assembled (the most common methods are using mortar or silicone). While some companies may tell you that only one method is correct, they are often just trying to get people to buy the fabrication method they prefer. You should choose that method where the panel size is going to fit best into the opening (making sure the joints do not exceed 1" around the window). Included below you'll find some advantages of both the mortar and silicone systems:
- Advantages of Mortar over Silicone - Mortar is the traditional way to build a block window. The advantages of this system are the ability to vary the size of the mortar joint (helpful when you have an odd size), the mortar joints can be finished to match the existing masonry, and it's very difficult to break a block out of mortared joint.
- Advantages of Silicone - Silicone is preferred if you like an all glass look to your panel, or if you need a smaller window in an opening (silicone joints are smaller than mortar joints), and transportation is safer because the glass window will stay together better than with mortar.
o Step 4 -Ask, "How do I handle an opening greater than 25 square feet?" - When openings become larger than 25 square feet (mostly in commercial, architectural and institutional projects) it is often better to build the window block by block within the opening (this is because the panels would need to become larger, heavier, and are more difficult to handle). With openings of this size you will need to keep the following installation points in mind:
* The window usually requires a "soft joint" at the top (head), and sides (jambs) of the opening - Windows greater than 25 square feet need more space for expansion and contraction requiring glass block caulk be used at the jambs and head of the opening along with an expansion strip. For larger openings an aluminum channel will also help with concerns regarding wind loads.
* Structural steel or aluminum may be required - To allow for wind loads and structural safety larger openings (greater than 20 feet high for 4" blocks and 10 feet high for 3" blocks, and 25 feet wide for 4" blocks and 15 feet wide for 3" blocks) there should be a metal stiffener put into the glass block window. This stiffener could be a metal hidden plate, an I beam, or a T shaped mullion of steel behind the window/wall.
o Step 5 - Ask, "What should I do if my skills or physical abilities don't allow me to do this type of installation?" - Call a specialty glass block contractor or find a nationwide glass block window manufacturer (to make a pre-made glass panel) to make contract out the installation of this window. This will ease the process, reduce cost, and improve the quality of the block window installation project.
Now that you've got the 5 installation steps you're ready to either to get your hands dirty or hire the right specialty glass block contractor for your project.

Mike Foti is President of Innovate Building Solutions (with divisions including Columbus Glass Block, Cleveland Glass Block and Mid America Glass Block of Cincinnati, Dayton, and Akron and Vice President Eastern Glass Block of New Jersey and New York). These companies are nationwide suppliers, glass block window manufacturers, and installation contractors of glass block windows, showers, walls, and specialty colored glass blocks.

Benefits of Vinyl Replacement Windows

Vinyl replacement windows are a great way to increase the resale value, curb-appeal, and style of your home. Early vinyl replacement windows were not very popular, but advances in design and improved technology have made vinyl windows a desirable addition to homes everywhere. Many of today's replacement windows meet requirements that older wood-frame and metal windows couldn't possibly match.
Frames
Probably the greatest benefit of today's vinyl windows is the quality of construction. These high-quality windows are fusion-welded at the corners to form a structurally sound frame. The frames themselves are strong, watertight, and airtight.
Another great benefit of vinyl windows is that they will never need sealing or painting, as traditional wood windows do. The vinyl window frames are extremely durable and will withstand fading and discoloration much better than wood frames.
The high quality of today's vinyl windows can also offer superior security over older windows. Many vinyl replacement windows are available with a wide range of locking devices designed to give your home exceptional security.
Glass
Today's vinyl replacement windows use high-grade products and ingenuity to deliver high-performance. Most vinyl windows use double or triple-paned glass units. These units create an insulation barrier of air, which provides protection from damaging elements, higher energy-efficiency, and greater sound protection.
These airtight layers of protection are key to the high standards of energy-efficiency that today's vinyl replacement windows offer. Each manufacturer's windows are submitted to an energy-efficiency test conducted by a government-backed program. These tests are meant to determine the window's U-value, or U-factor.
The U-value is a measurement that represents the rate in which heat passes through the window. The lower the U-value assigned to the window, the lower the amount of heat allowed to pass through the window. The windows with the lowest U-value receive Energy-Star ratings, which can be claimed as a tax write-off. These windows can offer tremendous savings on monthly electric bills, by keeping in heat or cool air.
Ease of Use
The function of vinyl windows also typically last longer than wood-frame windows. This is because wood will tend to swell and retract in reaction to changes in temperature and humidity. Over time, this swelling and retraction may cause the wooden window frame to become misshapen. If this happens, the window will become more difficult to slide or close properly.
Choice of Options
Vinyl replacement windows come in a large variety of styles, sizes, and colors. All replacement windows are custom-made in order to properly match your home's existing windows, so size is no hindrance.
Replacement windows are available in many styles, including casement windows, double-hung windows, bay and bow windows, and sliders with two, three, or more sashes. At first, vinyl windows were only manufactured in white, but today most manufacturers offer many color options to match the existing features of your home. Windows can be ordered with solid colors, two-toned, or with wood-grains. You can even purchases windows with one color on the exterior, and with a wood-grain finish on the interior.
Vinyl windows offer the same style features found on other top-quality windows. Divided light grids, decorative glass, tilt-out sashes, and high-efficiency locking systems allow for many options.
Vinyl replacement windows offer many great values for your home. They are an excellent way to add value to your home, giving them a positive cost-to-benefit ratio. If you desire to add security, style, and savings to your home, vinyl replacement windows should be one of your first considerations.

Mr. Oliver is a marketing agent for Richmond Window Corporation. The Renewal by Andersen replacement window dealer provides window installation throughout the central Virginia area. For more information on their replacement windows Richmond Virginia please visit their website.

New! Creative Ideas on Choosing your Window Covering Style

Window coverings have a process on how you should choose your window curtains and drapes. You have three basic choices to decide from on what window treatment is best for your homes decor. You first have to decide whether you want informal or formal window coverings? Secondly unlined or lined? And thirdly the style and type of heading desired. After you have decided on the type of window treatment you are looking for you can start to finalize the design. Window coverings are influenced by several elements, which include the function of the space, the style of the architecture of the home, and the window treatment preferences of the homeowner. The resulting factor is the same window design can be treated very differently depending on the person's taste. Imagine a dining room that has a bay window. This type of window style is usually a multi layered floor length window treatment - basically it's a formal window covering. If your taste is a more casual laid-back style you may introduce an informal appearance of café curtains with some sill length and some tied back side panels.

What is a full formal window treatment?

A formal window covering usually will have two or three layers. The first layer may be the casement curtain and will be installed within your Windows trim area. Usually you would use a sheer, solid or maybe a lace panel that will lay straight or either gathered at the top. Over draperies usually called just draperies will be your second layer. Generally they will cover the trim and window and if there is room left stretched further to each side or even the area that is above your window. Optionally the third layer of your full formal window treatment will be a valance this is also known as pelnet that horizontally runs across the top of your window and will cover the curtain or drapery heading. Another piece of the formal window treatment is a hard valance, also known as a lanbre-quin or a cornice. It is normally made with wood, which is then covered with upholstery or some fabric. To some people by not using the third treatment it will appear like the window covering is unfinished but in all sense this depends on the taste and style that you are trying to obtain. By using heavy but curious fabrics which would include brocades, Tapestries, silks, Damasks and velvet you will enhance the prestige of the formal treatment. The downside of these fabrics is that they will require cleaning from professionals every couple of years.

What is an Informal window treatment?

An informal window treatment can consist of one or two basic layers or you may decide on having nothing at all. If you have a great window location with privacy a beautiful window can look great even without a dressing especially if you have a great view. Sometimes just some basic casement curtains look great for a casual room. If you need to cover only the lower half of the window a Café curtain can offer you privacy and not block the light. Fabrics that are used for the informal look consist of chitz, ticking, linen, muslin and gingham. A benefit to the informal window coverings over the formal window coverings is that most of these are washable and easy to take care of.

Window drapes and curtain linings

Depending whether you have a formal or informal curtain or drape covering it will often decide if your window treatment will be lined. Factors will include the amount of natural light you want in your room and the length of time you expect the arrangement will last. Unlined curtains diffuse daylight but won't exclude it. Being the simplest form for your window covering it is still very effective by itself as a window under treatment. The unlined treatment doesn't have the extra thickness of a lining and will stack lightly back. A good choice is to use a fabric that looks attractive from both sides so there will not be a right or wrong side for the inside or outside of your window covering. Classic choices for unlined treatments would consist of lace, mobile, Muslim and sheers that are made out of cotton or silk organza. You may even have textured fabrics that have open weaves; an unlined curtain will filter the light beautifully and give you some privacy in the evening when the lamp is on. Try consolidating sheers with window blinds and shades. Unlined curtain drawbacks are the damage from the sunlight on the window treatment because there is no lining for your window fabric for protection it will deteriorate rapidly.

Wild West Window Installation

Wild West Window Installation - How To Install A Vinyl Window Now you may think you know how to install a window. Chances are... you don't. You might be asking yourself; "Why would this guy know more than I do?". Trust me, most installers who have been installing windows for 20 years have no idea how to properly install a window. Yeah right! What makes you such an expert? Well to start with I'm a Certified Window Installer. I was until a few months ago the Inspector for the Siding and Window Dealers Association of Canada in Calgary. I was often referred to as "the Association's best inspector" I don't know if that was true, but I heard it many times. The reason I left the association was that I was unhappy that the Association would not enforce their own rules, making my work useless. I started building houses in 1982 and have built all the windows and doors in my own house out of oak. I know windows. Manufacturers sell windows with nailing fins. These nailing fins are commonly used to hold the window in place without any other support. As I have described in a previous article, this is wrong. There's a very important document titled CSA A440.4-07. This is the correct method of installing a window. Now, it's 114 pages long and I'm not going to try to cover everything in this article. Is it required by the Building Code? Yes, at least in Alberta and I suspect everywhere else in Canada. Article 5.10.1.1. Environmental Separation of the Alberta Code lists this CSA Standard. The Standard itself states that it is supplemental to any Manufacturers' Installation Instructions. That means that whatever the manufacturers' instructions are, you still have to comply with this Standard. Are Installers complying with the Standard? No. I estimate that more than 90% of the windows installed do not comply with the Standard. That includes new homes and renovations. So if you've just had windows installed, chances are they're installed wrong. If the odds were that good in Vegas, my money would be on the table. "My widows work fine! They look great and the Installer cleaned up nicely when he was done. What's the difference?" The difference is durability. If you were to put new windows in your house the bill would probably exceed $10,000. 00, larger houses would be more. How long would you like those windows to last? If the window is not supported properly, the window will sag and shift. Most windows today are made of vinyl, the vinyl will only take so much stress. As the window sags, the frame will crack, or the glass may break. Recently, I inspected a new home. I opened a casement window and found that I could not close it. The frame had sagged and the window no longer fit the frame. This was brand new! I thought that the window could be re-installed, but after talking to the Manufacturer's Rep. I learned that the window could not be salvaged and would have to be replaced. The Manufacturer was supplying the window free of charge to the Builder, because they didn't want to lose the Builder as a customer. If widows are not installed properly they will fail prematurely, how prematurely will depend on how badly they were installed.

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What to Know About the Different Types of Windows For Your Home

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Finding the perfect window for your home can be a daunting task when you are not familiar with the different types of windows available. Finding the perfect windows for homeowners is our mission as we take a great deal of pride in our expertise in windows. We are always ready to help with the installation and offer free estimates.

Windows are like the eyes of the home, bringing in light, creating spaciousness, providing ventilation and giving you access to a view outside.

There are lots of stylish types to choose from. Below, we'll talk about the Pros & Cons of each window type, as well as proper placement and home decor. Looking to install a window in your basement, for instance? Try a hopper window. Want a window that can open fully? A casement window may be just what you're looking for. Check out the windows below, then browse through our convenient Window Gallery to for top design photos.

There are many types of windows to choose from. Below we will discuss about the Pros & Cons of each window type, as well as proper placement and home décor. For example, if you want a window that can open fully, try a casement window. Trying to install a window in your basement? Try a hopper window. Check out the window types below and browse through our convenient window gallery to look for your perfect window type

Bay Windows

Pros - Bay windows are perfect for creating an open, peaceful feel indoors. Their multiple views allow light to stream in from different angles. Plus, the sides of the window can be opened for air circulation. Bay windows have the ability to dress up any home with uniqueness and style. Replacing a flat window with a bay can completely change the amount of light that room receives. They're primarily used for kitchens, but can also add character to family rooms and master bedrooms.

Cons - Only the sides of bay windows open and typically don't come with screens, so incoming pests could be a problem.
 
Awning Windows

Pros - Awning windows are designed to provide light and breeze. They can be opened slightly to allow ventilation. These windows are also great for maintaining privacy while allowing light to stream in. They can be positioned in a variety of places: next to other windows, arranged in columns, or placed above large patio doors to create a wall of light and fresh air.

Cons - Screens for awning windows are set on the inside, which can mean that all the dirt and dust that normally falls into the sash makes its way onto your floors instead.

Double Hung Windows

Pros - Double hung windows are chosen for their unique style, ease of access and superior ventilation capabilities. They are great for kids' rooms as the top of the window can be opened while the bottom remains closed. Double hung windows be installed practically anywhere in your home. They're perfect for kitchens, offices and bedrooms.

Cons - Double hung windows tend to leak more air than other windows. Also, only half of this window opens up, whereas different types can open completely.

Casement Windows

Pros - Casement windows open outward for light, fresh air and side breezes. They're tightly sealed for energy efficiency and great for hard-to-reach places, such as over sinks and appliances in the kitchen. Casements crank open, as opposed to sliding up and down, making them easier to maneuver.

Cons - If you're moving into an older home, check on the stability of your casement hinges and hardware. Though casements are usually tough to break into, faulty or rusty hardware increases your risk factor. Make sure to consult with a professional for replacement parts or quality new casements.

Picture Windows

Pros - Picture windows create unobstructed views of the outdoors. They're best in areas where ventilation isn't a big concern. If you want better lighting, try installing them high on the walls of dark rooms and hallways. When combined with patio doors or open-and-close windows, picture windows can bring the perfect balance of light and ventilation.

Cons - These windows are for looks only. In addition, the large expanse of glass can make them more vulnerable to breakage.

Jalousie Windows

Pros- Jalousies are made of glass slats set in metal clips that can be opened and closed in unison. Also called a louvered window, a jalousie is made like a glass shutter. This type of window is manually rotated to open or close the overlapping panels as required, and can be opened by degrees to control how much air or light passes through.

Cons - Jalousie windows are best suited for areas with year-round comfortable climates as they help cool a home, but are impossible to seal, making it difficult to keep heat and A/C air inside and extreme weather out.

Hopper Windows

Pros- These popular windows are most often installed in basements. The hopper window is basically a casement window flipped on its side. The entire pane tilts inward to open, allowing for maximum ventilation.

Cons- Hopper windows can make privacy and home decor an issue. Because they tilt into the room, blinds, shades and other window dressings are difficult to use in conjunction with hopper windows. Also, they're usually placed in basements, so there's an added security risk for any windows installed at ground level. Their tilt designs also make them a poor choice for ventilation on a rainy day; water will drip right into the room.

We hope you have a better idea of the different types of replacement windows [http://betterwindowsupply.com] and what kind of window you're looking for. The next step is to consult with a professional for quick, same-day installations.

How to Make Acrylic & Glass Block Window Installations Easier & Improve Quality at the Same Time

"I'm really scared to do this glass block window installation" a customer recently said. "Don't you have a way to make it easier, lighter, and maybe even cut down the mess for my window project?" Fortunately the answer is yes - it's by using vinyl or aluminum framed windows built with acrylic and glass blocks. In this article you'll learn the following:
1. Why framed windows systems can make your project easier
2. What products and sizes are available
3. What rooms a vinyl framed window system will work best in
4. Where to use both glass windows vs. acrylic block windows systems
5. Cool and unique projects ideas.
1) Why framed windows systems can make your life easier
Let's face it mortared block window installations are messy. Getting the right mortar mix is not easy, and there is always the concern of the pre-fabricated window assembly breaking just as you go to set it into the opening. Framed window systems take much of the guess-work, weight, and worries away.
Framed windows are pre-assembled with silicone joints between the blocks (getting rid of the need to mix mortar) and are usually made with 2" thick glass or acrylic units (reducing the weight by as much 1/3 to ½ vs. traditional block units made of 3" and 4" thick block). With integral nailing fins the windows are installed like standard vinyl windows (they are nailed into the opening for new construction or built without the fins for a replacement window application) without the mess usually associated with a mortared glass window. Since the windows are siliconed together inside a vinyl frame they can be shipped nationwide and have been used in states with varied weather patterns - from Florida to Minnesota to California to Maine.
2) What product and size options are available?
Factory assembled framed block windows systems can be made of with vinyl or aluminum frames using either glass or acrylic blocks inside the windows. Glass block sizes used most often are 8" x 8" x 2" (for the reduced weight), 6" x 6" x 3", and 8" x 8" x 4" in a wide variety of patterns and colors. Acrylic block sizes used most frequently are 8" x 8", 6" x 6" and occasionally 9" x 9" and are usually 1 ½" to 2" thick. Frame colors can vary with white and almond being the most common.
3) What rooms should you use a vinyl framed window system
The main reasons to choose a block window system are where you want privacy, a cool clean look, style, and privacy all wrapped in one window solution. Since these windows meet tempered window standards they are stronger and harder to break than standard glass windows which make them safe to use in bathroom and other higher risk areas of a home or business.
Acrylic or glass block windows are being used in bathrooms as either transom windows above tub surrounds or above soaking and Jacuzzi tubs on the side of the home for privacy. Kitchen and den backsplashes are becoming a more popular application to get natural light underneath cabinetry. These windows are being used in stairwells in commercial buildings and for churches who want light, security, and color with their windows (a church in New Mexico is looking to put in green, purple, red, and orange colored glass blocks into one framed window assembly). Sidelites around front doors and closets are using block windows to get security and light without compromising privacy. For most basement windows considering using block windows without frames - it is usually better to mortar these windows into their masonry and poured wall foundations than to have a vinyl frame around the windows.
4) Where to use glass and acrylic framed window systems
There is much debate over whether glass or acrylic is better for your window projects. The simple answer is they both have their place and that is why both materials are successful in the market. Here is a quick look at where it's best to use each product.
Advantages and Where to Use Framed Glass Block Windows
- Where you want the strength & durability of a real glass window for scratch resistance and quality - If you want to incorporate a wide variety of colors into your windows
- Where you are concerned about what cleaning products may be used on the windows
- (acrylic blocks can have problems if abrasive cleaning agents are used on the block's surface)
- If you like a slimmer frame around your window Advantages and Where to Use Framed Acrylic Block Windows
- If you want a fully operable single hung, casement, awning, or slider window (acrylic windows can be provided with cranks and fully operable window sashes). In addition acrylic windows can be used in arch top, hexagon, octagon, or round top window designs.
- If you need an energy star or Low E rated window.
- If you want a lighter window for ease of installation.
- If you need a custom fit block size for a replacement window application.
5) Cool and Unique Project Ideas
Here are some different ideas to consider with your block windows:
- A step down almond colored vinyl framed glass block window was used above a soaking tub in a home builder's Parade Home in Columbus Ohio.
- A therapist in New Orleans Louisiana is planning to use a slider acrylic block window in a waiting room inside of an existing glass block wall for privacy and to keep the all block look.
- A home being remodeled in Dallas Texas is considering installing a framed window with a block art mural with an ocean scene applied directly on the glass (this decorative art mural uses glass frit which is baked directly into the glass making it a permanent part of the glass).
- A church in Arkansas is looking to put a Ruby Red colored cross inside a framed window. With framed glass and acrylic block windows and a vast selection of styles, patterns, colors, sizes and designs
- projects have never been easier, cooler, and neater to do!

Mike Foti is President of Columbus Glass Block, Cleveland Glass Block, Mid America Glass Block Cincinnati, Dayton, Akron & Eastern Glass Block New York & New Jersey - nationwide suppliers of acrylic block windows and also vinyl framed glass block window manufacturers including patterned and color glass blocks.

Windows Registry Repair Free Download - Get the Most Out of Your PC

The word "free" seems quiet interesting and makes several people enthusiastic. Many-a-times there is a hidden catch behind this term, however, it does not turns out to be, like it claims. But this is not the case with windows registry repairs free downloads. You may try it out yourselves. Just a few clicks in fewer minutes and you can prevent your PC to crash down.
Yes, we all are aware of lowering speed of our PCs with the passing times. Don't let this problem be a time fault. It definitely has an answer. Most of these problems arise because of the unnecessary and useless information being stored in the Windows registry which ultimately leads to crash down after symptoms like reboots and lowering speed.
However, Window Registry repair freeware are a nice choice to tackle these problems. It scans your registry and fixes the needed stuff either by repairing it or deleting it. As such, it carries an advantage of recovering the material deleted in case more problems are faced by user.
Just few words highlighting the functions of this freeware:

• Improves the performance of PC in terms of speed and stability of PC.
• Repair invalid registry entries that may lead to unnecessary errors and ultimately PC crashes.
• Forms registry clearing preferences.
• Immediate creation of windows registry back-ups.

Now you know that how important is the registry fix software for your PC. As such grabbing a Window Registry repair freeware is not a tough job. Competition in market favors the customers, thus, leading to the availability of windows registry repair free downloads.
Now, any person can easily avail the facility of Window Registry repair free in return of few minute investments and an access to internet. Many companies are providing these repair software for free, however, they may be the trial packages before the real cost to be paid.

Author is admin and technical expert associated with development of computer security and performance enhancing software like Registry Cleaner, Anti Spyware, Window Cleaner, Anti Spam Filter. Learn secrets for an efficient Registry Repair. Visit our Home page or Resource Center to read more about products and download free trial of a range of security and performance enhancing software like

• Windows Registry Cleaner
• Anti Spyware and Anti Adware
• Windows and Internet Cleaner
• Anti Spam Filter for MS Outlook
• Anti Spam Filter for Outlook Express

Windows Registry Cleaner Download

Many people have problems with their computers. One day they're running great and the next thing you know it's freezing, crashing, or worse...but there is an easy solution. With the proper Windows Registry Cleaner Download program, it is fast and inexpensive to solve those problems yourself. Most people would hire a computer repair company to come and fix their computer and pay up to $400 for something as simple finding the right windows registry cleaner download program.
With the amount of downloading, installing, uninstalling, and even just the regular surfing on the internet we do daily, the registry on our computers get filled up quick. What a Registry Cleaner will do is scan and fix your registry, thus bringing your computer back to the speedy machine it once was.
When considering which Windows Registry Cleaner Download will give you the best results, it is necessary to shop around and compare certain aspects of each one. The key points you want to consider are:
A.) Customer Support
B.) Efficiency
C.) Ease Of Use
D.) Amount Of Features
Sometimes it is difficult to find the right registry cleaning program, but it is definitely worth it, especially when your computer is working properly again. I use a low-priced program called Registry Easy and it has always worked great for me. It provides a free scan to view how many errors it will fix before you use the cleaner to repair. A good Windows Registry Cleaner Download program will make your system more reliable and run a lot quicker. If you are tired of seeing mysterious errors,.dll errors, the dreaded "blue screen", unnecessary freezing or crashes, or just need a little performance boost, you need to get a Windows Registry Cleaner Download to scan and fix your computer's registry. Just like getting a check-up for yourself, it is vital to perform this scan on your computer to get your system to perform at its best.

If you feel you do not have the time to research, here is an easy way to determine which cleaner program is for you, just visit JustForPC's Review on registry easy cleaner.
Here they compare, test, review, and rate the top three Windows registry programs. Hopefully, reading this can help you solve a lot of common computer issues and save you from forking out money to those dreaded computer repairmen. Thanks and enjoy!

Differences Between Linux And Windows

This article will discuss the differences between the Linux and Windows operating software's; we discuss some of the pro's and con's of each system.

Let us first start out with a general overview of the Linux operating system. Linux at its most basic form is a computer kernel. The Kernel is the underlying computer code, used to communicate with hardware, and other system software, it also runs all of the basic functions of the computer.

The Linux Kernel is an operating system, which runs on a wide variety of hardware and for a variety of purposes. Linux is capable of running on devices as simple as a wrist watch, or a cell phone, but it can also run on a home computer using, for example Intel, or AMD processors, and its even capable of running on high end servers using Sun Sparc CPU's or IBM power PC processors. Some Linux distro's can only run one processor, while others can run many at once.

Common uses for Linux include that of a home desktop computing system, or more commonly for a server application, such as use as a web server, or mail server. You can even use Linux as a dedicated firewall to help protect other machines that are on the same network.

A programmer student named Linus Torvalds first made Linux as a variant of the Unix operating system in 1991. Linus Torvalds made Linux open source with the GNU (GPL) (General Public License), so other programmers could download the source code free of charge and alter it any way they see fit. Thousands of coders throughout the world began downloading and altering the source code of Linux, applying patches, and bug fixes, and other improvements, to make the OS better and better. Over the years Linux has gone from a simple text based clone of Unix, to a powerful operating software, with full-featured desktop environments, and unprecedented portability, and a variety of uses. Most of the original Unix code has also been gradually written out of Linux over the years.

As a result of Linux being open source software, there is no one version of Linux; instead there are many different versions or distributions of Linux, that are suited for a variety of different users and task. Some Distributions of Linux include Gentoo, and Slackware, which due to the lack of a complete graphical environment is best, suited for Linux experts, programmers, and other users that know their way around a command prompt. Distributions that lack a graphical environment are best suited for older computers lacking the processing power necessary to process graphics, or for computers performing processor intensive task, where it is desirable to have all of the system resources focused on the task at hand, rather than wasting resources by processing graphics. Other Linux distributions aim at making the computing experience as easy as possible. Distributinns such as Ubuntu, or Linspire make Linux far easier to use, by offering full-featured graphical environments that help eliminate the need for a command prompt. Of course the downside of ease of use is less configurability, and wasted system resources on graphics processing. Other distributions such as Suse try to find a common ground between ease of use and configurability.

"Linux has two parts, they include the Kernel mentioned previously, and in most circumstances it will also include a graphical user interface, which runs atop the Kernel" reference #3. In most cases the user will communicate with the computer via the graphical user interface. (ref #6) Some of the more common graphical environments that can run on Linux include the following. The KDE GUI (Graphical user interface). Matthias Ettrich developed KDE in 1996. He wanted a GUI for the Unix desktop that would make all of the applications look and feel alike. He also wanted a desktop environment for Unix that would be easier to use than the ones available at the time. KDE is a free open source project, with millions of coders working on it throughout the world, but it also has some commercial support from companies such as Novell, Troltech, and Mandriva. KDE aims to make an easy to use desktop environment without sacrificing configurability. Windows users might note that KDE has a similar look to Windows. Another popular GUI is (ref #7) GNOME. GNOME puts a heavy emphasis on simplicity, and user ability. Much like KDE GNOME is open source and is free to download. One notable feature of GNOME is the fact that it supports many different languages; GNOME supports over 100 different languages. Gnome is license under the LGPL license (lesser general public license). The license allows applications written for GNOME to use a much wider set of licenses, including some commercial applications. The name GNOME stands for GNU Network object model environment. GNOME's look and feel is similar to that of other desktop environments. Fluxbox is another example of a Linux GUI. With less of an emphasis on ease of use and eye candy, Fluxbox aims to be a very lightweight, and a more efficient user of system resources. The interface has only a taskbar and a menu bar, which is accessed by right clicking over the desktop. Fluxbox is most popular for use with older computers that have a limited abundance of system resources.

Although most Linux distributions offer a graphical environment, to simplify the user experience, they all also offer a way for more technically involved users to directly communicate with the Kernel via a shell or command line. The command line allows you to run the computer without a GUI, by executing commands from a text-based interface. An advantage of using the command prompt is it uses less system resources and enables your computer to focus more of its energy on the task at hand. Examples of commands include the cd command for changing your directory, or the halt command for shutting down your system, or the reboot command for restarting the computer etc.

Now that we are more familiar with the Linux operating system, we can note the many ways in which Linux differs from the worlds most popular OS, Microsoft Windows. From this point forward we will discuss some of the more prominent ways in which Linux deferrers from Windows.

Bathroom Glass Block Windows - 8 Benefits For a New Home Or Remodeled Bathroom

Finding the right type of bathroom window in remodeling or new construction can be tough. Here are two problems many homeowners have with their bathroom windows:
1) A remodeling bathroom window challenge - Your existing window is sitting right in the middle of a bathtub or shower area and the window frame is rotted or rusted out. You want privacy, you want the window to look good, and you don't want the constant maintenance of having to re-caulk the window or rework the wood framing around the window.
2) A new construction bathroom window challenge - You're building a new home with a soak tub or Jacuzzi in the corner of the master bathroom that has windows above the tub at eye level which are clearly visible from your neighbors property. You want a high privacy and good looking contemporary style window, but don't really want to invest in expensive blinds.
How can you solve these two problems with style while maintaining your budget? One answer - bathroom glass block or acrylic block windows. This article will explore the benefits of these types of windows for your home.
Glass Block Window Benefits for your new home or remodeled bathroom
Here are the 8 benefits you'll realize by replacing your existing bathroom windows or installing blocks in your new home bathroom window:
1. Increased privacy - With homes being built closer together as land costs continue to escalate finding a cost effective window that provides privacy in your hall bath or master bathroom window can be difficult. With block you can pick a high privacy pattern like Icescapes or Delphi from Pittsburgh Corning or Ice or Pristal from Mulia to let light in, yet maintain the privacy you need.
2. Reduce your heating and cooling costs - Most existing bathroom windows have old aluminum frames or deteriorated wood frames with a single pane window glass inside. They are inefficient windows which frequently fog up, required a lot of effort to maintain, and cause your heating and air conditioning costs to be higher. Block glass windows are 10 times more energy efficient than single pane glass and provide a combination of obscurity and style many vinyl replacement windows do not.
3. Increased Security/Ease of Gaining Entry into the Home - Existing window are flimsy, usually held in with caulk and are an easy target for break ins. New glass brick windows are mortared in for most remodeling projects, making them difficult and time consuming to attempt to break through. New construction glass block windows come with a vinyl frame and nailing fin providing excellent security.
4. Cut Maintenance takes time, money and energy - Single pane metal and wood windows need to be repainted and caulked to keep the elements out and to prevent rust and deterioration. With block bathroom windows there is no maintenance needed since the windows are either mortared in or nailed into the framed walls in the property.
5. Easy to clean - These windows can be cleaned with soap and water or window cleaning solution.
6. Windows will become easy to operate - Existing bathroom windows are sometimes rusted shut, or cannot easily be opened making a bathroom retain excessive amounts of moisture, allowing mold spores to grow. New block windows can be combined with fresh air vents or power exhaust fans to make your bathroom healthier for your family and friends.
7. Easy to open- Acrylic block windows can open completely (there is a casement window available in multiple frame and glass styles for bathrooms) and glass windows can be combined with vinyl hopper style air vents which open very simply as well.
8. Old Windows don't fit your new design style - Glass block bathroom replacement windows now are available in colors, different tints, satin finishes, decorative patterns, beveled edges, and many custom architectural designs to match a contemporary, traditional, or transitional design style.
Your master bathroom or hall bathroom window no longer needs to be an eyesore. With a new glass block bathroom window you can get an easy to clean, easy to maintain, cost-effective/ energy saving window, and add to the style and value of your home at the same time.

Mike Foti is President of Columbus Glass Block, Cleveland Glass Block and Mid America Glass Block of Cincinnati, Dayton, and Akron and Vice President Eastern Glass Block of New Jersey and New York. These companies are nationwide suppliers, glass block window manufacturers, and installation contractors of glass block windows, showers, walls, and specialty colored glass blocks.

Why Energy Efficient Windows Are a Clear Choice

Real quick...Here are seven reasons to install energy efficient windows:

• Save energy
• Save money from using less heating or AC
• Add to appearance of the house
• Protect a home's interior furnishings from fading
• Higher impact resistance
• Make outside noise less audible
• Insulate your home better, keeping it warm in the winter and cool in the summer

With reasons like those, it's no wonder energy efficient windows are all the rage. If your windows need to be repaired or even replaced, consider installing energy efficient windows.How exactly do I pick out energy efficient windows?
When picking out energy efficient windows, you want to look for windows that are Energy Star certified.
Energy Star was developed by the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. The government program's purpose is to help individuals and organizations protect the environment through energy efficiency. The standard does not just apply to windows but to other products as well.
For the purpose of this article, we will be taking a look at windows that are Energy Star certified. What makes windows Energy Star certified? Any Energy Star product including windows must meet the following criteria:

• Have an NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council) label. The NFRC tests the insulating quality of the entire window.
• Be 40% more efficient than the product usually requires under most building codes.
• Reduce energy bills by up to 15%.

Customers cannot just rely on the Energy Star label to pick out a good energy efficient window though. An important consideration for consumers is to select windows that are appropriate for the area of the country in which they live. Energy Star labels windows three ways:

• "N" for northern climates
• "S" for southern climates
• "C" for central climates

The three types of windows are designed to address the heating or cooling concerns in each climate: mostly heating for the Northern Zone, mostly cooling for the Southern Zone, and both heating and cooling for the Central North Zone and Central South Zone.How Energy Efficient Windows Improve the House Aside from saving energy, energy efficient windows are particularly fantastic in states that can get extremely cold. These windows work to make homes warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer, which becomes particularly evident in states with very cold winters and states with extremely hot summers. With these windows insulating well, homeowners spend less on heating and air conditioning bills. Energy efficient windows also improve the house due to their attractive appearance, though not all energy efficient windows are the same. Homeowners have choices concerning main parts of the window, such as the frame, panes, and spacers.
Parts of the Window

• The frame

Look for windows that have fiberglass, wood composites, or vinyl because these materials are better at insulating. One negative aspect of using wood material for framing is that wood can be difficult to maintain, often needing painting after a few years. Thus, if you choose to frame your windows using wood material, it's advised to get some exterior vinyl or aluminum cladding to cover the wood frame.

• Window Panes

If wondering whether having multiple window panes is preferred to having one window pane, remember the phrase 'Two is Better than One' or 'The More the Merrier.' Two panes of glass with space in between filled with air or krypton or argon insulates better than just one pane of glass does. Certain Energy Star windows have windows with three or more panes of glass, which do the best job of insulating and have greatest the impact resistance as well as improved energy efficiency. Another benefit of multiple panes is that they keep outside noise out better than a single glass pane does.

• Low-E glass coating

Low-E coating is a special coating on the window that is great to have. It reflects infrared light to keep heat outside in the summer and inside in the winter. It also reflects ultraviolet light to protect a home's interior furnishings from fading.

• Warm Edge Spacers

Warm edge spacers are great for reducing heat flow and preventing condensation. Made of foam, steel, fiberglass, or vinyl, they keep a window's glass panes the right distance apart.There are many brands of energy efficient windows from which to choose. Manufacturers include those such as Accent Windows, Andersen, Cascade Windows, CertainTeed, Gorell, Marvin, Winstrom, and many more. Home improvement companies select which manufacturer brand they would like to make available to their customers. For example, Highland Windows, a Connecticut home improvement company based in Hartford (http://www.allaroundthehome.com/ct/hartford/) is licensed to install Alside, another energy efficient window manufacturer, which has won The Energy Star Window of the Year Award three times.

All Around the Home is an online directory that profiles contractors, allowing visitors to search by service needed such as windows (http://www.allaroundthehome.com/exterior/windows/) and by region such as Connecticut (http://www.allaroundthehome.com/exterior/windows/ct/). Homeowners may request a free estimate from contractors they are interested in.

Replacement Window Installer Shares Secrets

Are you thinking about taking on a good do-it-yourself home improvement project? With some simple tools and a few tips from a professional installer, you can take on the job of installing your own vinyl replacement windows.
Advantages
The newer vinyl replacement windows have many benefits to offer owners of older homes. First of all, it's all but impossible to find stock windows at your local lumber yard or home improvement center that fit the measurement of the openings from your old windows. Since the newer vinyl replacement windows are made-to-order, the size you get will be a perfect fit.
Another advantage to considering vinyl replacement windows is, you don't have to cut the window existing opening bigger to accommodate a larger window or patch the inside walls and siding because the new window is smaller than the old opening. Since the new replacement windows will be built to fit your existing openings, no other major alterations need to happen. Usually, a little caulking and some minor touch-up painting is all that's necessary.
Some other important advantages of installing new vinyl replacement windows are also inviting. You can expect some energy savings on your fuel bill because of the better insulating properties of thermo pane glass. The glass can also be tinted to reflect heat or to block UV rays. You'll love the tilt-in panes for easy cleaning. No more risky trips up the ladder. Newer windows usually have fewer problems with condensation in winter time because of the better insulating properties of the newer glass panes.
Measuring
You'll need to take an exact measurement, height and width of each window frame to be replaced. Put a small piece of masking tape on each window and give it a number for identification. Write the number of each window on a list, along with the height and width measurements for each window. Tell your window supplier to tag each window ordered with the corresponding number from your list. This will be a great time saver later on when the windows arrive. You'll know exactly where each window goes.
When measuring, use a carpenters framing square to check each window for square. If a window is 1/8th inch out of square, you'll need to deduct 1/8th inch from your measurement(s). Use a small level also to check for level and plumb. If the top and bottom of the window opening are level, yet the opening is out of square, there's a good chance that the side openings are not plumb. If the side opening is 1/8th inch out of plumb, deduct 1/8th inch from the "width" measurement. Usually, your window supplier can give you a printed sheet with their measuring and ordering guidelines. Don't worry; most windows are built with sliding top or side moldings to make up for out of square openings.
Installation
It's best if you have a helper, at least someone to hold the window in place while you attach the mounting screws.
From inside the home, use a flat pry bar to remove the stop moldings on the sides and top of the window. Pull the bottom sash inside. You'll have to cut the weighted ropes on each side to release the window. The lead weights will then drop down inside the wall cavity. Don't worry, you won't need them. Once the bottom sash is out, remove the top sash the same way. Use a paint scraper to clear away any paint chips that might prevent the new window frame from sitting properly. You should then brush and vacuum any debris and dust from the opening.
Slide the new window into the opening to check the fit. If all looks good, remove the window and prepare the opening for installation. Each window manufacturer may have their own specific instructions for installation. Generally, you'll want to run a bead of caulking on the sill and sides for the new window to "set" in. Most windows will have pre-drilled openings in the sides for mounting screws, which are also usually provided.

Linux Vs. Windows

This article will not attempt to advocate the use of Linux over Windows or vice versa. I will try to present the differences and similarities between Linux and Windows in a fair manner.

Overview:

Both Linux and Windows (2000, NT, XP, Vista) are operating systems. Linux was inspired from Unix, while Windows was inspired from VMS.

While no single company "owns" Linux, Windows is owned by Microsoft. Various distributions (often referred to as "distros") of Linux come from different companies (e.g. Red Hat, Novell SuSE, Mandrake etc.), while all Windows flavors (95, 98, 2000, XP, Vista) come from Microsoft.

Both Linux and Windows come in Desktop and Server editions.

Cost:

As far as cost is concerned, Linux is very cheap or free. I used the word "very cheap" for enterprise users. While anybody can download, install and use Linux, the distribution companies usually charge for technical support.
Windows is expensive. You first pay for the copy of the software and then again for the technical support if you ever want it.
There is another catch though; Windows enforces you to use a single copy on a single computer. This is not the case with Linux though, once you purchase Linux, you can run it on an unlimited number of computers.

GUI:

Both Windows and Linux are GUI based operating systems.
I'm afraid but, Windows has better GUI than Linux and it will get far better with the upcoming Windows Vista release. Linux has two GUIs: Gnome and KDE. Linux is fast catching up and is evolving from a server operating system to a desktop operating system.

Command Line:

Both Windows and Linux comes with command line interface. Windows calls it the "DOS prompt", while Linux refers to it as the "shell". Linux's shell is far more superior than Window's DOS prompt. It can do a whole lot of things that are not possible in Windows. Linux support various command line shells such as BASH, Bourne, Korn, C shell and many other.

Third Party Application Software Availability:
Both Windows and Linux run third-party applications. Windows, compared to Linux, has far greater number of third party applications available for use. A program written for Windows will not run under Linux (although it can be made to emulate, but it will be very annoying and hence not recommened).

Linux's application base is, however, increasing threefold. On a more close examination, the average computer user uses the following applications 90% of the time: Word Processor (Office suite), E-mail client, Web browser, Media software, and Instant Messenger. Linux has all these applications and in fact has many flavors for each.

Like Linux, all third party applications are very cheap or free. Whereas, Windows applications can cost a leg and a limb.

Security:

Simply put it this way, Windows is not secure. If you are using Windows and don't have Antivirus, Anti Spyware, and firewall (memory and resource eating applications), your computer can get affected by a virus in less than 10 minutes. I remember restoring a fresh copy of Windows XP on my Toshiba A40 notebook. I was browsing the Internet with Microsoft Internet Explorer and my machine got infected with loads of spyware in less than 15 minutes!

Microsoft came up with Firewall and Anti Spyware products, but these programs run in the background and eat up your computer's precious memory.

Linux, on the other hand, doesn't have these issues. I'm not aware of any spywares for Linux. One can safely run a Linux distro without ever worrying about installing Anitvirus or Anti-Spywares.

Windows also has more security flaws than Linux. By security flaw, I mean a hacker can compromise the Windows operating system and break into your machine and destroy your files. But, flaws on Windows are quickly fixed and patches are often made available almost instantly after the flaw is reported.

Supported Hardware:

Windows was originally designed for Intel based machines. Earlier version of Windows NT also ran on RISC and Alpha architectures, but not anymore.
Linux run on a wide variety of hardware. And can support some very old legacy hardware. I've seen a Linux distro running on a 486 based machine.

Diver Availability:

As one author once said, "Windows is a bag of drivers". I think that is quite true. Installing a new hardware device is a piece of cake in Windows, whereas it can be a nuisance on Linux especially for average Joe. I can't in my wildest dreams imagine my dad installing a sound card successfully in Linux.

Things however will not stay the same for long. Manufacturers are also offering Linux drivers for their hardware, which will simplify the process.

Network Support:

Linux beats Windows bad in this area. Windows was never designed for the Internet. Unix, on which Linux is based, was designed for Internet (or Network) and is far more efficient compared to Windows. A senior Network Administrator working for a Fortune-500 company, recently pointed to me that if we monitor the traffic between exchange Windows based Exchange Server and Client, we can see that hundreds of packets are going to and from even when both are idle. He said that such is not the case with Linux.

However, our average Joe will never see or feel any difference. Windows Internet is good enough for him.

File System:

Windows Vista will use a new file system called WinFS. Earlier version used FAT (FAT16 and FAT32) and NTFS file systems, with NTFS being the preferred choice. Linux supports ext2 and ext3 file systems.

FAT file systems were mediocre, but NTFS can be compared with the Linux file systems.

Both file systems allows us to create directories, sub directories and file. Linux file systems are case-sensitive whereas, NTFS is not.

Normally, Linux systems cannot access NTFS file systems, but with the help of add-on software, it can.

Help and Documentation:
Linux help and documentation is quite good, accurate and to the point compared.

I've been using Windows for well over 8 years now. Frankly speaking, I hardly ever checked the accompanying documentation or the help file because everything is so simple that nobody needs to venture in the help file.

What should I buy?

OK. Truth hurts, but let it be. If you are average Joe, that extra $300 on Windows are worth spending. If you are looking an OS for your server, never even think about Windows. Buy Linux.

Wild West Window Installation

Wild West Window Installation - How To Install A Vinyl Window Now you may think you know how to install a window. Chances are... you don't. You might be asking yourself; "Why would this guy know more than I do?". Trust me, most installers who have been installing windows for 20 years have no idea how to properly install a window. Yeah right! What makes you such an expert? Well to start with I'm a Certified Window Installer. I was until a few months ago the Inspector for the Siding and Window Dealers Association of Canada in Calgary. I was often referred to as "the Association's best inspector" I don't know if that was true, but I heard it many times. The reason I left the association was that I was unhappy that the Association would not enforce their own rules, making my work useless. I started building houses in 1982 and have built all the windows and doors in my own house out of oak. I know windows. Manufacturers sell windows with nailing fins. These nailing fins are commonly used to hold the window in place without any other support. As I have described in a previous article, this is wrong. There's a very important document titled CSA A440.4-07. This is the correct method of installing a window. Now, it's 114 pages long and I'm not going to try to cover everything in this article. Is it required by the Building Code? Yes, at least in Alberta and I suspect everywhere else in Canada. Article 5.10.1.1. Environmental Separation of the Alberta Code lists this CSA Standard. The Standard itself states that it is supplemental to any Manufacturers' Installation Instructions. That means that whatever the manufacturers' instructions are, you still have to comply with this Standard. Are Installers complying with the Standard? No. I estimate that more than 90% of the windows installed do not comply with the Standard. That includes new homes and renovations. So if you've just had windows installed, chances are they're installed wrong. If the odds were that good in Vegas, my money would be on the table. "My widows work fine! They look great and the Installer cleaned up nicely when he was done. What's the difference?" The difference is durability. If you were to put new windows in your house the bill would probably exceed $10,000. 00, larger houses would be more. How long would you like those windows to last? If the window is not supported properly, the window will sag and shift. Most windows today are made of vinyl, the vinyl will only take so much stress. As the window sags, the frame will crack, or the glass may break. Recently, I inspected a new home. I opened a casement window and found that I could not close it. The frame had sagged and the window no longer fit the frame. This was brand new! I thought that the window could be re-installed, but after talking to the Manufacturer's Rep. I learned that the window could not be salvaged and would have to be replaced. The Manufacturer was supplying the window free of charge to the Builder, because they didn't want to lose the Builder as a customer. If widows are not installed properly they will fail prematurely, how prematurely will depend on how badly they were installed. As I stated earlier, I can't hope to give you everything in the 114 page document that is CSA A440.4-07. I'm going to try to narrow it down. Most widows are vinyl, most windows are sliders and most window replacements are complete tear outs rather than installed inside the old frame. This should be fairly manageable. There are differences with different materials and types of window, so don't try to extrapolate. Step 1: Ordering Your Windows Take off the casings (moldings) surrounding the windows. If you think you can measure the window without taking the casing off, you are wrong. You have no idea what the previous installer did. The existing window could be too large and is forced in or too small. I know of one young renovator who got stuck with the task of installing windows that his dad ordered. Dad didn't measure very well and all the windows were too big for the rough openings. He couldn't return them. If it wasn't his dad he could have just said no. The thought of that job makes me cringe. Measure the diagonals and make sure the rough opening is square. You want the new windows to be approximately 1 inch smaller in both dimensions than the rough opening. That will give you approximately ½" all around the window for shims. If the openings are not square, as determined by measuring the diagonals, you might want to make the windows a little smaller, because you want the window square. The supplier will want to know if the wall is 2x6 or 2x4. You'll also want to decide if you want a "brick molding" or not on the exterior. You'll have to figure out how big the brick molding should be and compare that to what is available from the manufacturer, and adjust from there. If you want my opinion order the windows without a nailing fin. Step 2: Removal of the Old Windows Once the new windows arrive, inspect them. First check the new windows and make sure there is no damage and that they are the right size. You don't want to find that out once you've removed the old window. The idea here is to remove the old windows with as little damage to the house as possible. That means you have to put the sledge hammer away. Cut any caulking, that way it won't be a problem, and it can be a problem. If you can find fasteners, remove them. Sometimes there are nails through the brick molding or screws through the frame or nails in the nailing fin. You'll only find the nailing fin if you remove the trim or siding around the window. If you are dealing with stucco or synthetic stucco and there is no trim around the window, cut the fin off and leave the fin there. Once you've removed all the fasteners you can find, it's time to remove the old window. Again, no sledge hammer. The window will probably be difficult to move, but it should be loose everywhere. You can use a hacksaw blade to run around the window, there may be some fasteners that you were not able to find. You can use a reciprocating saw to cut any fasteners in the gap, but do it gently. Remove the sashes (operating windows) and try to remove the fixed panes without breaking them. I usually use a small pry bar with a wide blade. If the window won't just slide out with some gentle tapping, I usually cut through the bottom of the frame around the middle and pry the two halves up. I can usually remove the other frame pieces easily from there. Try to put as little stress on the building as possible. Step 3: Cleanup & Preparing the Hole At this point you want to examine the framing around the window opening. Any wood that is rotted should be replaced. That's easy to say. It's sometimes tricky to remove the wood, replace it and keep the strength of the structure intact. If there is just some mould, spray it down with some bleach and move on. The building paper probably got mangled when you were removing the window. Trim it back and repaper as best you can. The purpose is to protect the wood. You can use a peel and stick product, it works really well. You are limited though, because in some cases the siding is still in place. Remember that higher pieces overlap lower pieces. Water runs downhill... usually. Start at the bottom and work your way up. There are lots of diagrams to show you how to get this right. The bottom sill piece is made longer than the hole and cut so that it folds up the sides of the hole, and hopefully there's a little room below the hole so the piece can fold onto the exterior sheathing and run past the hole on either side. The side pieces should be cut so they fold onto the bottom of the hole and fold onto the sheathing. The extension of this piece should overlap the bottom piece. The top piece is a little trickier. It should tuck under the paper above the window if possible and be cut and folded as the other pieces. The point is to restrict water entry and protect the wood framing. There is a good diagram available on the internet. Step 4: Installing the Window Place two sets of shims about a 1/2 inch thick on the rough sill and check for level. I say two sets because shims should be used in pairs, assuming that the framing is relatively straight, and it often isn't. Rough sills are rarely level and you will have to adjust your shims to get a level surface to rest the window on. While someone holds the window in place for you, get the bottom frame member of the window level. Drill holes through the side frame pieces about eight inches down from the top of the window and run screws in to hold it in place, not tight. Alternatively, you can drive nails in on each side of the window. You're just trying to stop it from falling out while you are working on it. You will have to add shims at strategic points under the bottom frame member. These shims are critical to the durability of the window. Without them the window will sag. You need a shim set under each vertical member of the window. You will also need a shim set under the quarter points of any fixed pane unit. Measure the width of the fixed pane, let's say it is 24" wide. Divide by 4, that gives us 6". Measure that distance in from each end. You need shims there. You're probably wondering why. The manufacturer supports the glass in the frame at those points. If there is no shim under it, the weight of the glass will warp the frame downward at those points. I've seen it many times. Once these points are taken care of, check to see if there is more than 16" between any of the shims. Install additional shims as needed to reduce the spacing to 16" or less. Make sure the bottom is level. On a slider you can just about put your level away at this point. If the bottom is level, it's just a matter of making the window fit properly. Open the window, just a bit so you have a very small space between the sash and the frame. Use shims to adjust the frame until that space is even from top to bottom. Work from the bottom up. First shim set goes at 8 inches up. Now the Standard says you don't have to fasten the shim in place. If you don't the shim becomes useless once the insulation is installed. The frame will bow in. If you run a screw through the shim as is suggested but not required in the Standard, the window frame is trapped between the screw head and the shim. It's not going anywhere. Shim sets (and screws) should be placed every 24" up the side of the window and 8" from the top. You're probably wondering why 8" from the top and 8" from the bottom. Vinyl expands with heat. If we put the shim too close to the corner. The vinyl expanding sideways will have nowhere to go. It will either bow or break. We don't want either one to happen. When the shim is 8" from the corner, the vinyl can expand and the shim is close enough to coax the window back to the original location when it cools. There are no shims in the top of the window, unless it's a big window and it is sagging. Once you're happy with the installation, cut your shims off slightly back from flush on the inside and outside. Step 5: Insulating Use polyurethane expanding foam that expands a little. Leave the 3X expanding foam on the shelf. Install the expanding foam sparingly. If you use too much foam you'll distort the window forcing the frame inward. You can see why, if you haven't used any screws to fasten the shims in place, the shims become useless. Use the minimum amount of material. Start with a layer at the exterior, about a half inch deep and wide enough when expanded to fill the gap between the window and the building paper you installed earlier. If there is a brick molding installed, you will have to install this from the inside. Then do the same on the inside. You want the foam to bulge out a little and contact the vapour barrier. You now have 2 layers of insulation and a dead air space between them and a continuous vapour barrier. Once the foam has set up, trim it off flush with the drywall. The ends of your shims should pretty much flush with the expanding foam at this point and they will allow air passage, so caulk the ends of them to seal them on the interior. Install casings on the interior and caulk the joints. Install casings on the outside if you don't have brick moldings and caulk the joints there. There's a lot of detail that I haven't covered, such as type of screws, dimension I and quality of shims. There are also solutions to a number of problems you can encounter along the way. If you are an installer, you know what I mean. It's not just a matter of going down to the building supply store and sticking the windows in on the weekend. If the thought of installing your own windows scares you, that's a good place to start. Learn as much as you can before you start and be careful at every stage. Like I said most professional installers are doing it wrong, so your chances of of doing a better job are good. If you have no tools and you've never tackled a renovation job though, you might want to skip this one.